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Alabama Probate Guide

Probate in Alabama.

Alabama probate runs on a set of filings and deadlines that start the moment letters are issued. This guide walks you through each step with the actual statute citation and the current small estate threshold.

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At a glance — Alabama probate
Small estate threshold
$25,000
After 30 days
Creditor claim period
6 months from first publication of the creditor notice
Ala. Code § 43-2-61, 43-2-73
Administration types
2
independent, supervised
Minimum time to close
~9 months
Shortest realistic path

Types of probate administration in Alabama

Alabama recognizes 2 paths. The right one depends on the will, the value of the estate, and whether all beneficiaries agree.

INDEPENDENT

Less court supervision. Personal representative can act autonomously on property sales and distributions without court approval for routine matters.

Qualifying requirements
  • Authorized by will
  • OR all heirs at law consent in writing
Court approval required for
  • Opening the estate
  • Closing the estate
SUPERVISED

Full court oversight. Court approval required for major actions including property sales, distributions, and all accounts.

Qualifying requirements
  • Default if independent not authorized
Court approval required for
  • Opening the estate
  • Property sales
  • Distributions to beneficiaries
  • All accountings reviewed by court
  • Closing the estate

The Alabama probate process, step by step

These are the filings ordered the way they actually happen in a typical Alabama estate. Each deadline is keyed to the triggering event — death, letters issued, first publication — and tied to the statute.

  1. 1

    File Will / Petition for Probate

    Deadline: 6 months from death

    File Petition to Probate Will with Probate Court in county where decedent resided.

    3 supporting documents
    • Original will or certified copy
    • Death certificate
    • Petition with decedent info, estate value estimate, heirs names and addresses
    Ala. Code § 43-2-22
  2. 2

    Publish Notice of Probate

    Deadline: immediately from letters issued

    Notice of probate published once in probate court newspaper or legal newspaper.

    2 supporting documents
    • Notice of probate
    • Creditor notice for publication
    Ala. Code § 43-2-61
  3. 3

    File Inventory

    Deadline: 3 months from letters issued

    List all known estate assets with valuations at fair market value.

    2 supporting documents
    • Inventory of estate property
    • Valuations for real and personal property
    Ala. Code § 43-2-82
  4. 4

    Creditor Claims Period

    Deadline: 6 months from first publication

    Wait for creditor claims deadline. Personal representative allows or disallows claims.

    Ala. Code § 43-2-73
  5. 5

    File Final Account

    Deadline: After creditor period expires from creditor deadline

    File final account with probate court showing all receipts, disbursements, and distributions.

    4 supporting documents
    • Final Account/Report
    • Receipts for debts paid
    • Tax returns filed
    • Creditor payment documentation
    Ala. Code § 43-2-131
  6. 6

    Distribute Estate Assets

    Deadline: After final account approved and debts settled from accounting approved

    Distribute remaining assets to beneficiaries per will or Alabama intestacy law.

    2 supporting documents
    • Distribution order
    • Beneficiary receipts
    Ala. Code § 43-2-143
  7. 7

    Close Estate

    Deadline: After all distributions complete from distribution complete

    File petition for discharge of personal representative. Court issues discharge order.

    3 supporting documents
    • Petition for discharge
    • Final accounting
    • Order of discharge
    Ala. Code § 43-2-151

Creditor notice and claim period

After the personal representative is appointed, a notice to creditors must be published once for 1 week. Creditors then have a limited window to file claims; claims filed after the deadline are generally barred.

Claim period
6 months from first publication of the creditor notice.
Absolute bar
No claims can be filed after 1 year from death regardless of notice
Ala. Code § 43-2-61, 43-2-73

Small estate alternative in Alabama

If the gross estate is small enough, Alabama allows a simplified path that skips most of the formal probate machinery. Faster, cheaper, and — done right — every bit as final.

Threshold
$25,000
Gross estate value
Wait period
30 days
After date of death
Publication
Not required
Standard simplified path
Requirements
  • Estate value does not exceed $25,000
  • 30+ days since death
  • Affiant is person designated in will as personal representative OR any distributee
Ala. Code § 43-2-610 et seq.

Where probate is filed in Alabama

Probate is filed in the county where the decedent lived at the time of death. A sample of active Alabama courts:

Jefferson County Probate Court
Jefferson County County
710 20th Street North, Birmingham, AL 35203
(205) 325-5710
Madison County Probate Court
Madison County County
100 Madison Street, Madison, AL 35758
(256) 772-5320
Montgomery County Probate Court
Montgomery County County
251 South Lawrence Street, Montgomery, AL 36104
(334) 832-4400
Mobile County Probate Court
Mobile County County
205 Government Street, Mobile, AL 36602
(251) 574-1411

Frequently asked questions

+How long does probate take in Alabama?

Most Alabama estates close in 9–15 months. The floor is set by the creditor claim period (6 months from first publication of the creditor notice.) plus the time to file inventory, settle debts, and prepare the final accounting. Estates with real property sales, tax returns, or disputes run longer.

+Does Alabama have a small estate option?

Yes. If the gross estate is $25,000 or less and at least 30 days have passed since the date of death, you can generally use a small estate affidavit or collection procedure instead of full probate. Citation: Ala. Code § 43-2-610 et seq..

+What types of probate administration does Alabama recognize?

Alabama recognizes independent or supervised administration. independent — Less court supervision. Personal representative can act autonomously on property sales and distributions without court approval for routine matters. supervised — Full court oversight. Court approval required for major actions including property sales, distributions, and all accounts.

+How does Alabama's creditor notice period work?

After the personal representative is appointed, a notice to creditors must be published once in a qualifying newspaper for 1 week. Creditors then have 6 months from first publication of the creditor notice. Claims filed after the deadline are barred. Citation: Ala. Code § 43-2-61, 43-2-73.

+Do I have to hire a Alabama attorney to probate an estate?

Alabama law doesn't strictly require an attorney, but most personal representatives retain one. Court rules, creditor notice requirements, tax returns, and fiduciary accounting obligations create personal liability for the personal representative if they're done incorrectly. A flat-fee attorney through Closewell handles filings, statutory notices, inventory, and accounting with fixed pricing and no hourly billing.

+How much does probate cost in Alabama?

Court filing fees in Alabama typically run $200–$500, plus publication costs of $100–$300 for the creditor notice. Attorney fees are the biggest variable — traditional hourly counsel on a routine estate often bills $5,000–$15,000, while flat-fee services like Closewell price the same work from $1,400–$4,500 depending on complexity. Bond premiums, appraisals, and tax preparation are additional.

We’re not live in Alabama — yet.

Closewell launches state by state so every matter is handled by a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction. Drop your email and we’ll tell you the day a Alabama-licensed attorney is available.

We’ll only email you about Alabama probateavailability — no marketing spam, and you can reply “stop” any time.

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