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Texas Probate Guide

Probate in Texas.

Texas is a community property state. Only a decedent's one-half share passes through probate — the surviving spouse already owns the other half. Separate property (inheritances, gifts, pre-marriage assets) distributes under the will or intestate statute.

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At a glance — Texas probate
Small estate threshold
$75,000
After 30 days
Creditor claim period
4 months from first publication
Estates Code §355.060
Administration types
2
independent, supervised
Minimum time to close
~7 months
Shortest realistic path

Types of probate administration in Texas

Texas recognizes 2 paths. The right one depends on the will, the value of the estate, and whether all beneficiaries agree.

INDEPENDENT

Strongly preferred in Texas (Estates Code §401.001). Executor acts with minimal court supervision. Independent administration is default when will authorizes it or all heirs agree. No court approval needed for sales, distributions, or estate management.

Qualifying requirements
  • Will expressly authorizes independent administration (Estates Code §401.001)
  • OR all heirs agree in writing (Estates Code §401.002)
  • All beneficiaries sign waiver of notice and consent to independent administration
Court approval required for
  • Opening the estate (Application for Probate hearing)
  • Closing the estate (Final account and closing statement)
SUPERVISED

Court-supervised administration (Estates Code §301.001). Executor must obtain court approval for major actions. More restrictive and expensive than independent. Used when will requires it or beneficiaries request.

Qualifying requirements
  • Will specifically requires supervised administration
  • OR interested party petitions for supervised administration
  • OR default if independent not authorized
Court approval required for
  • Opening the estate
  • Property sales and leases
  • Distributions to beneficiaries
  • Major estate decisions
  • Accounting filed with court
  • Closing the estate

The Texas probate process, step by step

These are the filings ordered the way they actually happen in a typical Texas estate. Each deadline is keyed to the triggering event — death, letters issued, first publication — and tied to the statute.

  1. 1

    Application for Probate

    Deadline: 4 years from death

    File Application for Probate of Will and for Issuance of Letters Testamentary (or Application for Administration if no will) with district court.

    5 supporting documents
    • Application identifying decedent, estate value estimate, heirs, proposed executor
    • Original will (if exists)
    • Death certificate
    • Affidavit of heirship (if no will)
    • Affidavit regarding independent/dependent administration preference
    Estates Code §256.052
  2. 2

    Posting Notice at Courthouse

    Deadline: 10 days from application filed

    Clerk posts court notice at courthouse for at least 10 days before probate hearing (or as directed by court).

    1 supporting document
    • Court's notice to be posted
    Estates Code §258.001
  3. 3

    Prove Will at Probate Hearing

    Deadline: immediately from notice posted

    Attend court hearing to prove execution, validity, and admissibility of will. Establish jurisdiction, decedent's death, and executor's qualifications.

    4 supporting documents
    • Original will or certified copy
    • Witness testimony or affidavits (holographic will affidavits if applicable)
    • Self-proving affidavit (if properly executed)
    • Evidence of decedent's death and domicile
    Estates Code §256.152
  4. 4

    Receive Letters Testamentary or Administration

    Deadline: immediately from probate hearing

    Court issues Letters Testamentary (with will) or Letters of Administration (no will) authorizing executor to act.

    2 supporting documents
    • Court order admitting will or authorizing letters
    • Bond (if required; often waived in independent administration)
    Estates Code §401.001
  5. 5

    File Inventory

    Deadline: 90 days from letters issued

    File complete inventory of all estate property with market values. Must be detailed and accurate (Estates Code §309.051).

    3 supporting documents
    • Sworn inventory of all real and personal property
    • Market values for all assets as of date of death
    • Descriptions sufficient for identification
    Estates Code §309.051
  6. 6

    Publish Notice to Creditors

    Deadline: immediately from letters issued

    Publish notice to creditors in county newspaper. Known creditors also receive direct notice. 4-month creditor claim period runs from publication date (Estates Code §355.060).

    3 supporting documents
    • Notice to Creditors (published once in newspaper)
    • Direct notice to known creditors (mail or deliver)
    • Proof of publication
    Estates Code §355.060
  7. 7

    Creditor Claims Period

    Deadline: 4 months from first publication

    Creditor claim period is 4 months from publication of notice. Known creditors must receive direct notice (Estates Code §355.060). Claims can be disputed.

    Estates Code §355.060
  8. 8

    File Affidavit in Lieu of Accounting (Independent) or Accounting (Supervised)

    Deadline: immediately from creditor deadline

    Independent admin: File Affidavit in Lieu of Accounting (simplified) when debts paid and estate settled (Estates Code §405.012). Supervised admin: File detailed accounting with court.

    4 supporting documents
    • Affidavit in Lieu of Accounting (independent) OR Final Account (supervised)
    • Receipts for debts paid
    • Documentation of assets collected
    • Proof tax returns filed
    Estates Code §405.012
  9. 9

    Close Estate

    Deadline: immediately from accounting complete

    File closing statement and final distribution plan. For dependent administration, obtain court order closing estate (Estates Code §362.005).

    3 supporting documents
    • Closing Statement or Final Account
    • Proposed schedule of final distribution
    • Order of Discharge (court order for supervised)
    Estates Code §362.005

Creditor notice and claim period

After the personal representative is appointed, a notice to creditors must be published once for 1 week. Creditors then have a limited window to file claims; claims filed after the deadline are generally barred.

Claim period
4 months from first publication.

Direct mailing is also required to Known creditors (direct notice required).

Absolute bar
Creditor claims must be filed within 4 months from publication date (Estates Code §355.060). No exceptions to this deadline.
Estates Code §355.060

Small estate alternative in Texas

If the gross estate is small enough, Texas allows a simplified path that skips most of the formal probate machinery. Faster, cheaper, and — done right — every bit as final.

Threshold
$75,000
Excludes: homestead, exempt_property
Wait period
30 days
After date of death
Publication
Not required
Standard simplified path
Requirements
  • Estate value does not exceed $75,000 (excluding homestead property and exempt property)
  • 30+ days since death
  • No application for letters of office pending or granted
  • Affiant is person authorized to receive small estate proceeds
  • No muniment of title application pending
Estates Code §205.001

Where probate is filed in Texas

Probate is filed in the county where the decedent lived at the time of death. A sample of active Texas courts:

Harris County District Court
Harris County County
1501 Franklin St, Houston, TX 77002
(713) 755-6411e-filing available
Dallas County District Court
Dallas County County
303 S. Ackerly St, Dallas, TX 75226
(214) 653-7000e-filing available
Bexar County District Court
Bexar County County
100 Dolorosa St, San Antonio, TX 78205
(210) 335-0020e-filing available
Travis County District Court
Travis County County
1000 Guadalupe St, Austin, TX 78701
(512) 854-4700e-filing available

Frequently asked questions

+How long does probate take in Texas?

Most Texas estates close in 7–13 months. The floor is set by the creditor claim period (4 months from first publication.) plus the time to file inventory, settle debts, and prepare the final accounting. Estates with real property sales, tax returns, or disputes run longer.

+Does Texas have a small estate option?

Yes. If the gross estate is $75,000 or less (excluding homestead, exempt_property) and at least 30 days have passed since the date of death, you can generally use a small estate affidavit or collection procedure instead of full probate. Citation: Estates Code §205.001.

+What types of probate administration does Texas recognize?

Texas recognizes independent or supervised administration. independent — Strongly preferred in Texas (Estates Code §401.001). Executor acts with minimal court supervision. Independent administration is default when will authorizes it or all heirs agree. No court approval needed for sales, distributions, or estate management. supervised — Court-supervised administration (Estates Code §301.001). Executor must obtain court approval for major actions. More restrictive and expensive than independent. Used when will requires it or beneficiaries request.

+How does Texas's creditor notice period work?

After the personal representative is appointed, a notice to creditors must be published once in a qualifying newspaper for 1 week. Creditors then have 4 months from first publication. Claims filed after the deadline are barred. Citation: Estates Code §355.060.

+How do community property rules affect probate in Texas?

Texas is a community property state. Property acquired during marriage is presumed to be owned 50/50 by both spouses. On a decedent's death, only the decedent's one-half share passes through probate — the surviving spouse already owns the other half outright. Separate property (inheritances, gifts, pre-marriage assets) is classified differently and distributes under the will or intestate statute.

+How much does probate cost in Texas?

Court filing fees in Texas typically run $200–$500, plus publication costs of $100–$300 for the creditor notice. Attorney fees are the biggest variable — traditional hourly counsel on a routine estate often bills $5,000–$15,000, while flat-fee services like Closewell price the same work from $1,400–$4,500 depending on complexity. Bond premiums, appraisals, and tax preparation are additional.

We’re not live in Texas — yet.

Closewell launches state by state so every matter is handled by a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction. Drop your email and we’ll tell you the day a Texas-licensed attorney is available.

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